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The summer of 1919 was a pivotal moment in the Russian Civil War. Backed with Allied support the White movement went on the offensive in the East under Alexander Kolchak and in the South under Anton Denikin. However, the Bolsheviks were not wasting time either. They consolidated their power and got the Red Army into shape to crush the enemy once and for all.

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» SOURCES
Smele, Jonathan. The Russian Civil Wars 1916-1926 (London: Hurst, 2015).

Makhno, Nestor. The Struggle Against the State and Other Essays. AK Press: Edinburgh & San Francisco, 1996.

Mawdsley, Evan. The Russian Civil War (New York: Pegasus Books, 2005).

Robert Gerwarth, The Vanquished. Why the First World War Failed to End, 1917-1923 (Penguin, 2017)

Sumpf, Alexandre. Russian Civil War, in 1914-1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.

Mawdsley, Evan. International Responses to the Russian Civil War, in 1914-1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online...

Leonhard, Jörn. Der überforderte Frieden. Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923 (CH Beck, 2018).

Figes, Orlando. A Peoples Tragedy. The Russian Revolution (London: The Bodley Head, 2017 [1996]).

Gilley, Christopher: Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2014-10-08 https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/makhno_nestor_ivanovich/2014-10-08


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