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By the fall of 1920, the Russian Civil War had unleashed three years of ethnic and internal conflict in Central Asia, and there was no end in sight. In this episode well catch up on the dramatic events of the former Russian imperial lands in Central Asia from the revolution right up to the end of 1920, 100 years ago.

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» SOURCES
Baumann, Robert F. Russian-Soviet Unconventional Wars in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Afghanistan. Combat Studies Institute, 2010.

Becker, Seymour. Russias Protectorates in Central Asia: Bukhara and Khiva, 1865-1924. RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.

Brower, Daniel R. Turkestan and the Fate of the Russian Empire. Routledge, 2010.

Buttino, M. Study of the Economic Crisis and Depopulation in Turkestan, 19171920. Central Asian Survey, no. 4, 1990, pp. 59-74, doi:10.1080/02634939008400725.

Campbell, Ian W. Knowledge and the Ends of Empire: Kazak Intermediaries and Russian Rule on the Steppe, 1731-1917. Cornell University Press, 2017.

Everett-Heath, Tom. Central Asia: Aspects of Transition. Routledge, 2003.

Hiro, D. Inside Central Asia. Abrams, 2011.

Keller, Shoshana. Russia and Central Asia: Coexistence, Conquest, Convergence. University of Toronto Press, 2020.

Khalid, A. Central Asia Between the Ottoman and the Soviet Worlds. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, no. 2, 2011, pp. 451-76, doi:10.1353/kri.2011.0028.

Khalid, Adeeb. The Bukharan Peoples Soviet Republic in the Light of Muslim Sources. Die Welt Des Islams, no. 3, 2010, pp. 335-61, doi:10.1163/157006010x544287.

Khalid, Adeeb. Making Uzbekistan: Nation, Empire, and Revolution in the Early USSR. Cornell University Press, 2019.

Khalid, Adeeb. The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia. Oxford University Press, 2000.

Loring, B. Colonizers With Party Cards: Soviet Internal Colonialism in Central Asia, 191739. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, no. 1, 2014, pp. 77-102, doi:10.1353/kri.2014.0012.

Olcott, M. B. The Basmachi or Freemens Revolt in Turkestan 191824. Soviet Studies, no. 3, 1981, pp. 352-69, doi:10.1080/09668138108411365.

Poujol, Catherine. Jews and Muslims in Central Asia. A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the Origins to the Present Day, edited by Abdelwahab Meddeb and Benjamin Stora, by Jane Marie Todd and Michael B. Smith, Princeton University Press, Princeton; Oxford, 2013, pp. 258268.

Sahadeo, Jeff. Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent: 1865-1923. Indiana University Press, 2010.

Sokol, Edward D. The Revolt of 1916 in Russian Central Asia. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.

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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Toni Steller
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Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig

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